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31.
Atmospheric air temperature data from 92 stations in China’s radiosonde network were used to analyze changes in the freezing
level height (FLH), glacier snow line, and ice edge from 1958–2005 (48 years) and to examine the impact of these changes on the
cryosphere. In general, the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge exhibited latitudinal zonation, declining from south to north.
Trends in the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge showed spatial heterogeneity during the study period, with prevailing upward
trends. Temporally, the FLH, glacier snow line, and ice edge trends differed on various time scales. 相似文献
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Mariano García F. Mark Danson David Riaño Emilio Chuvieco F. Alberto Ramirez Vishal Bandugula 《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2011
This paper evaluates the potential of a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) to characterize forest canopy fuel characteristics at plot level. Several canopy properties, namely canopy height, canopy cover, canopy base height and fuel strata gap were estimated. Different approaches were tested to avoid the effect of canopy shadowing on canopy height estimation caused by deployment of the TLS below the canopy. Estimation of canopy height using a grid approach provided a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.81 and an RMSE of 2.47 m. A similar RMSE was obtained using the 99th percentile of the height distribution of the highest points, representing the 1% of the data, although the coefficient of determination was lower (R2 = 0.70). Canopy cover (CC) was estimated as a function of the occupied cells of a grid superimposed upon the TLS point clouds. It was found that CC estimates were dependent on the cell size selected, with 3 cm being the optimum resolution for this study. The effect of the zenith view angle on CC estimates was also analyzed. A simple method was developed to estimate canopy base height from the vegetation vertical profiles derived from an occupied/non-occupied voxels approach. Canopy base height was estimated with an RMSE of 3.09 m and an R2 = 0.86. Terrestrial laser scanning also provides a unique opportunity to estimate the fuel strata gap (FSG), which has not been previously derived from remotely sensed data. The FSG was also derived from the vegetation vertical profile with an RMSE of 1.53 m and an R2 = 0.87. 相似文献
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利用重力场模型、数字高程模型、水准测量成果和GPS技术,采用重力法与移去恢复技术,分析和研究了益阳城区似大地水准面精化获取的技术和方法,并对获取的似大地水准面进行了精度评定。 相似文献
38.
中国南方森林冠顶高度Lidar反演—以江西省为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
激光雷达(Lidar)与光学遥感的有效结合对中国南方区域森林冠顶高度反演意义重大,而国产卫星将为中国森林生态研究提供新的数据源。本文联合利用大脚印激光雷达GLA和国产MERSI数据,在实现GLAS波形数据处理和不同地形条件下森林冠顶高度反演算法基础上,建立了区域尺度不同森林类型林分冠顶高度GLAS+MERSI联合反演关系模型,进行了江西地区森林冠顶高度反演。总体上,GLAS激光雷达森林冠顶高度估算精度较高;且在与MERSI 250 m数据的联合反演模型中,针叶林模型精度较好(R2=0.7325);阔叶林次之(R2=0.6095);混交林较差(R2=0.4068)。分析发现,考虑了光学遥感生物物理参数的GLAS+MERSI联合关系模型在区域森林冠顶高度估算中有较高精度,且在空间分布上与土地覆盖数据分布特征非常一致。 相似文献
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采用RTK/水准确定两套坐标转换模型时,RTK测量的精度限制会降低模型精度.本文经推导论证,通过高程异常模型定位粗差,隔离粗差后可有效提高转换精度.最后通过工程算例验证了该方法的实用性.该技术可应用于不同坐标系坐标转换工作. 相似文献
40.
The Above Ground Biomass(AGB) estimates of vegetation comprise both the bole biomass determined through a volumetric equation and litter biomass collected from the ground.For mature trees,the AGB estimated in phenologically different time periods is directly affected by the litter biomass since the Diameter at Breast Height(DBH) and height(H) of such trees that are used in the estimation of bole biomass would remain unchanged over a reasonable time period.In the present study,we have determined the AGB of Sal trees(Shorea robusta) in two contrasting seasons:the peak green period in October being devoid of lit-ter on the ground and the leaf shedding period in February with abundant amount of litter present on the ground.Estimation of AGB for the month of February included the litter biomass.In contrast,the AGB for October represented only the bole biomass.AGB was estimated for ten different plots selected in the study area.The AGB estimated from ten sampling plots for each time period was re-gressed with the individual tree parameters such as the average DBH and height of trees measured from the corresponding plots.The regression analysis exhibited a significantly stronger relationship between the AGB and DBH for the month of October as compared to February.Furthermore,the correlation between the remotely sensed derived data and AGB was also found to be significantly higher for the month of October than February.This observation indicates that inclusion of the litter biomass in AGB will tend to decrease the re-gression relationship between AGB and DBH and also between the remotely sensed data and AGB.Therefore,these conclusions invite careful consideration while estimating AGB from satellite data in phenologically different time periods. 相似文献